8 Facts About Elizabeth Stuart, The Winter Queen Bohemia


Elizabeth Stuart may be easily forgotten in the annals of royal history. A queen for only one winter, her claim to fame were her descendants who eventually populated the thrones of Europe.  She was born on August 19, 1596 at the Dunfermline Palace in Fife. Elizabeth was the second child and the eldest and only surviving daughter of James VI and I, King of Scotland, Engalnd, and Ireland, and his queen consort, Anne of Denmark. Here are facts about Elizabeth Stuart, Electress Palatine and Queen of Bohemia.


She spent her childhood in Scotland

Elizabeth, until the age of seven, stayed in “one of the grandest of Scotland’s royal residences”, the Linlithgow Palace, where she was placed under the guardianship of Alexander Livingstone, 1st Earl of Linlithgow, and his wife, Helenor Hay, Countess of Linlithgow.

A plot almost made her a reigning queen

The Gunpowder Plot of 1605 aimed to assassinate King James and eradicate the Protestant monarchy, and to kidnap the then nine-year-old Elizabeth and make her a Catholic queen. The plot, however, failed after the conspirators were betrayed and Guy Fawkes was caught by the King’s soldiers just as he was about to ignite the powder.

She was an educated lady

Elizabeth received comprehensive education in fields such as history, languages, writing, geography, theology, dancing , and music, however was denied from learning about the classics as her father believed, "Latin had the unfortunate effect of making women more cunning.”

Her wedding was dubbed the wedding of the century

Elizabeth’s choice of husband would have real implications to her father and the whole kingdom, so she was arranged to marry Frederick V, Count Palatine of the Rhine, primarily because of his high lineage and his Protestant faith. The wedding took place at the Palace of Whitehall’s royal chapel on Valentine’s Day, February 14, 1613, a massive and lavish fête that cost £50,000, and which almost bankrupted King James. It has been considered as one of the biggest events of the 17th century as celebrations went on for months!

She was a mother to 13 children

Elizabeth and Frederick had 13 children: Henry Frederick, Hereditary Prince of the Palatinate, who was drowned; Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine (1617–1680; Elisabeth (1618–1680); Rupert, Count Palatine of the Rhine (1619–1682), who had two illegitimate children; Maurice (1620–1652); Louise Hollandine (1622 –1709); Louis (1624 –1624); Edward, Count Palatine of Simmern (1625–1663); Henriette Marie (1626 –1651); John Philip Frederick of the Palatinate Frederick (1627 –1650); Charlotte (1628-1631); Sophia (1630–1714) who married Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover, and whose son became King George I of Great Britain; Gustavus Adolphus of the Palatinate (1632– 1641).


She was Queen of Bohemia for only one winter

 Bohemia, which at the time was one of the few successful pluralist states where nobles elect the monarch, found itself in deep crisis following the death of King Matthias in 1619 and was left with an heir apparent, Archduke Ferdinand, who was a devout Catholic who persecuted Protestants in his land, Styria. The Bohemians weighed their options and ended up inviting Frederick as their new king, which the latter gladly accepted. Frederick was crowned as the new King of Bohemia on November 4, 1619. Elizabeth was crowned Queen of Bohemia three days later. Unfortunately, Frederick’s monarchy only lasted for a year as he was defeated by Ferdinand II during the Battle of White Mountain, which took place during the winter season. It was Elizabeth’s short-lived reign as Queen of Bohemia and the drastic turn of events that earned her the title “Winter Queen”.

They lived in exile in The Hague

After their defeat in the Battle of White Mountain, the family traveled to and took up residence in The Hague, where the Princes of Orange provided them a home and gave them financial support. It was during this time when they got “nothing to devour but pearls and diamonds” but still had to host massive balls and accommodate nobles and ambassadors, as recalled by one of Elizabeth’s daughters in her memoir.

She died in her native land
A little less than a year after returning to her native land, England, Elizabeth died of pneumonia at the Leicester House on February 13, 1662 with her son Rupert by her side. Her remains were then laid to rest at the Westminster Abbey.


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